(Nice To Meet You) Anyway - Stripped Version Album: # LOVE Piano 2015Artist: Gavin Degraw Listen and download
Stripped (Babies & Kids Version) Album: Songs From Depeche ModeArtist: The Babies Listen and download
I Do Believe - Mario Aureo Stripped Down Version Album: Deepest Shades Of Spring 2Artist: Stee Downes, Daniel Solar, Mario Aureo Listen and download
Stripped [Single Version] Album: The Singles 86 - 98 (Deluxe Edition) (CD1)Artist: Depeche Mode Listen and download
Dream On Me (Stripped) [Acoustic Version] Album: Chilled Hits Easy Vibes 2023Artist: Ella Henderson Listen and download
Stripped (Chillout Trancelations Version) Album: Chillout Trancelations, Vol. 2 - Presented By NaleArtist: Nale Listen and download
Precious Diamond Album: S. T. A. Y IIArtist: Nova feat Katasha J, Stripped Version Listen and download
Here For You [VEVO Stripped Session] Album: Sirens (Deluxe Version)Artist: Gorgon City feat Laura Welsh Listen and download
Stripped Album: We Are Pilots (Version 2)Artist: Shiny Toy Guns, Chad Petree, Carah Faye Listen and download
Stars In Your Eyes (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
Hold On To Me (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
Tell Me Lies (Stripped Version) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
I Choose You (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
Fine! (Stripped Version) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
The Journey (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
Fine! (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
Tell Me Lies (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download
So Much More (Stripped Version Instrumental) Album: Sounds That I Love (Stripped Version)Artist: John Coggins Listen and download